Research progress on quality of life in children with congenital cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Congenital cataract is an important cause of irreversible visual impairment in children. Although surgery and rehabilitation can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of children, increasing studies have shown that children with congenital cataract still have many problems associated with poor quality of life, such as poor ability, psychological and social function impairment, etc., which have a nonnegligible impact on their growth. In this review, the current status of assessment methods and research on quality of life in children with congenital cataract was summarized, with a view to providing a reference for targeted intervention.

Mechanism of tryptanthrin in treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice based on serum metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the effect of tryptanthrin on potential metabolic biomarkers in the serum of mice with ulcerative colitis(UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and predict the related metabolic pathways. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into a tryptanthrin group, a sulfasalazine group, a control group, and a model group. The mouse model of UC was established by free drinking of 3% DSS solution for 11 days, and corresponding drugs were adminsitrated at the same time. The signs of mice were observed and the disease activity index(DAI) score was recorded from the first day. Colon tissue samples were collected after the experiment and observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-10(IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-8(IL-8) in the serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The serum samples were collected from 6 mice in each group for widely targeted metabolomics. The metabolic pathways were enriched by MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The results showed that compared with the model group, tryptanthrin treatment decreased the DAI score(P<0.05), alleviated the injury of the colon tissue and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, lowered the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and elevated the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum. The metabolomic analysis revealed 28 differential metabolites which were involved in 3 metabolic pathways including purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. Tryptanthrin may restore the metabolism of the mice with UC induced by DSS to the normal level by regulating the purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. This study employed metabolomics to analyze the mechanism of tryptanthrin in the treatment of UC, providing an experimental basis for the utilization and development of tryptanthrin.

Research advances on the mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in body surface wound healing / 中华烧伤杂志

Wound healing is a slow and complex biological process, including inflammatory reaction, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, tissue remodeling, and so on. Wnt signaling pathway can be divided into classical pathway and non-classical pathway. Wnt classical pathway, also known as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays an important role in cell differentiation, cell migration, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Many inflammatory factors and growth factors are involved in the upstream regulation of this pathway. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence, development, regeneration, repair and related treatment of skin wounds. This article review the relationship between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and wound healing, meanwhile summarizes its effects on important processes of wound healing, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, hair follicle regeneration, and skin fibrosis, as well as the role of inhibitors of Wnt signaling pathway in wound healing.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Combined with Enterobacter Cloacae in Lumbar Intervertebral Space Infection / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rare primary lumbar intervertebral space infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae， and provide clinical experience for the diagnosis and treatment of this rare spinal infection. MethodsAn elderly male patient with low back pain and numbness in the left lower extremity for more than 7 months， which aggravated for more than 1 week， was diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation after laboratory and imaging examinations. After admission， the symptoms became acutely aggravated， and re-examination of lumbar enhanced MRI showed local enhancement at the posterior edge of the L3/4 intervertebral space. The VAS score was 9 points， and the lumbar JOA score was 6 points. A posterior lumbar interbody fusion of L3-L5 was performed， and L3/4 intervertebral disc specimens were collected during the operation for bacterial culture. ResultsBacterial culture results showed Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae infection. The patient was treated with sensitive antibiotics for 6 weeks after the operation， and the patient was cured during the follow-up of half a year after the operation. ConclusionFor middle-aged and elderly patients with clinical manifestations of acute severe low back pain or lower extremity pain， the possibility of spinal infection should be considered when routine laboratory and imaging examinations suggest lumbar degenerative diseases.

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 in a Child with Plexiform Neurofibroma Pressing the Urinary System / 罕见病研究

A 3-year-old male patient was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) for two years. The patient has multiple neurofibromas in retroperitoneum, lumbococcygeal paravertebral, lumbosacral spinal canal, and foramina. Due to retroperitoneal mass compression, the child suffered from urological complications such as hydronephrosis, ureterdilation, neurogenic bladder, etc., which seriously affected the urination function and resulted in multiple surgical treatments. Currently, the patient has been treated with mitogen activates extracelluar signal-regulated kinases(MEK) inhibitor selumetinib targeted therapy, and has voluntarily urinated, and his general state is better than before medication. The diagnosis and treatment of this case reflects the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.

Effects of coffee intake on airway hypersensitivity and immunomodulation:an in vivo murine study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Coffee is a complex chemical mixture, with caffeine being the most well-known bioactive substance. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of coffee and caffeine impact health in various aspects, including the respiratory system. The objective is to investigate the effects of coffee and caffeine on airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic reactions, as well as to analyze and compare associated cytokine profiles.MATERIALS/METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and given OVA inhalation to induce airway hypersensitivity. Two weeks after sensitization, they were intragastrically gavaged with coffee or caffeine, both containing 0.3125 mg caffeine, daily for 4 weeks. Control mice were fed with double-distilled water. Serum OVAspecific antibody levels were measured beforehand and 5 weeks after the first gavage. Airway hyperresponsiveness was detected by whole body plethysmography after gavage. Cytokine levels of bronchoalveolar lavage and cultured splenocytes were analyzed. @*RESULTS@#Coffee effectively suppressed T helper 2-mediated specific antibody response.Airway responsiveness was reduced in mice treated with either coffee or caffeine. Compared to the control, coffee significantly reduced OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgG1 and IgE antibody responses (P < 0.05). Caffeine also attenuated specific IgG and IgG1 levels, though IgE level was unaffected. Coffee significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and increased IL-10 concentration in spleen cells and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.05). @*CONCLUSIONS@#Coffee effectively attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and systemic allergic responses induced by OVA food allergen in mice. As a complex composition of bioactive substances, coffee displayed enhanced immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects than caffeine.

Study of ErChen decoction on the treatment of obesity polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity infertility / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of Erchen decoction in the treatment of obese polycystic ovary syndrome and obese infertility, in order to provide theoretical basis for “treating different diseases with same method”. Methods The active ingredients and targets of Erchen decoction were obtained from TCMSP database, and the targets of obese polycystic ovary syndromes and obese infertility were obtained from GeneCard database. Active ingredient-target network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1, and protein-protein interaction network and core target were obtained from STRING. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 and online software. Results 125 ingredients and 218 targets of Erchen decoction were obtained. There were 2 783 target genes for obese infertility and 2 962 target genes for obese polycystic ovary syndrome. Erchen decoction has a total of 117 target genes in the treatment of obese infertility and obese polycystic ovary syndromes, which proves the principle of “treating different diseases with same method”. Potential active ingredients include quercetin, kaempferol, naringin, baicalin and formononetin. PPI showed that STAT3, JUN, AKT1, MAPK3, MAPK1, MAPK14, IL-6 and FOS were the core targets of “treating different diseases with same method”. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin, kaempferol, etc. had good binding ability with JUN. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and endocrine resistance might be the key pathways for the “treating different diseases with same method” of Erchen decoction. Conclusion Erchen decoction treating "different diseases with same method" involves same targets and same pathways, which can provide reference for future experimental research.

Chronic kidney disease after adrenalectomy in a patient with primary aldosteronism / 北京大学学报(医学版)

We report one case of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline after taking unilateral adrenalectomy due to aldosterone adenoma. A 60-year-old male with 23-year history of hypertension was reported to the endocrinologist due to hypokalemia (serum potassium 3.01 mmol/L). Urine microalbumin/creatinine (ALB/CR) was 70.15 mg/g, serum creatinine was 82 μmol/L and eGFR was 89.79 mL/(min·1.73 m2). Random serum aldosterone was 172.2-203.5 ng/L, and random plasma rennin activity was 0-0.17 μg/(L·h). His captopril challenge test suggested that his aldosterone le-vels were suppressed by 8% (< 30%) and the adrenal enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a left adrenal tumor. The patient was diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism (PA), aldosterone adenoma and underwent left laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Histological examination confirmed adrenal cortical adenoma. One week after the operation, his serum creatinine was increased to 127 μmol/L compared with preoperative level; eGFR was 32.34 mL/(min·1.73 m2). His systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 110 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 60 mmHg (hypotensive drugs discontinued), and serum potassium level was 5.22 mmol/L. At the end of the 2-year follow up, the serum creatinine of this patient remained at 109-158 μmol/L and eGFR fluctuated from 63.28-40.12 mL/(min·1.73 m2). PA is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Several studies have reported renal function deterioration of PA patients after unilateral adrenalectomy, like the patient in this article. Age, preoperative plasma aldosterone concentration, albuminuria and preoperative potassium level might be significant predictors of a decrease in the eGFR. Growing evidence suggests that aldosterone could contribute to structural kidney damage, arterial injury and hemodynamic disorder. At the same time, patients with PA exhibit glomerular hyperfiltration and glomerular vascular hypertension, leading to the misinterpretation of renal function in PA patients as subtle kidney damage may be masked by the glomerular hyperfiltration before treatment. After a unilateral adrenalectomy, glomerular hyperfiltration by aldosterone excess is resolved and renal damage can be unmasked. In conclusion, kidney function deterioration after adrenalectomy can be detected in some patients with PA. Thus, accurate evaluation of kidney function in patients with PA may be essential, especially for those with preoperative risk factors for postoperative renal impairment. After unilateral adrenalectomy, close monitoring of renal function and adequate management are required for PA patients.

Progress of sonodynamic therapy in treatment of tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Ultrasound, as a mechanical wave with frequencies > 20 kHz, needs an elastic medium to transmit energy, and it can safely penetrate into the tissues without significant attenuation. Sonodynamic therapy is a new noninvasive therapy based on ultrasound, and it mainly uses low-intensity ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill cells. Compared with photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy overcomes the limitation of low penetration depth of light for deep tumors. In addition, sonodynamic therapy can be combined with photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gas therapy for synergistic therapy of tumors. This review aims to discuss the latest development of sonodynamic therapy in the field of tumor treatment.

Huayu Jiedu Prescription Alleviates Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Mice with Endometriosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Huayu Jiedu prescription （HYJDP） on gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in mice with endometriosis. Method:Normal female C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group （CO）， endometriosis group （EM） and Chinese medicine Huayu Jiedu decocotion group （CM）. CO and EM groups received normal saline and CM group received HYJDP by intragastric administration. Untargeted metabolomics method was used to detect metabolites in fecal supernatant of mice， and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） analysis was used to screen the differential metabolites， 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the gut microbiota， and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to represent the degree of correlation between differential metabolites and intestinal flora. Lipopolysaccharides （LPSs） in intestinal wall tissue， serum and peritoneal lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin in ectopic lesions was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:HYJDP alleviated the disorders of fecal metabolites and gut microbiota in EMS mice， especially with the recovered levels of homoveratric acid， melilotoside C and physapubescin in fecal supernatant. In the comparison of these three factors between EM group and CO group as well as between EM group and CM group， the variable important in projection （VIP） value was both above 2， and AUC in ROC analysis was both >0.9. As compared with EM group， HYJDP restored the abundance of species such as <italic>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</italic>， <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> and <italic>Blautia </italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In addition， the level of LPS in peritoneal fluid supernatant of EM group was significantly higher than that of CO group （<italic>P</italic><0.05） and CM group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The protein expression of vimentin and E-cadherin in endometriosis decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:HYJDP which can improve the intestinal environment and reduce the level of LPS in mice with endometriosis， is an effective drug for the treatment of endometriosis.

Effect of Fangji Huangqitang on Function of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of Fangji Huangqitang（FJHQT） on migration， adhesion，invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） induced by vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）. Method:HUVECs were induced by VEGF （20 μg·L^-1） <italic>in vitro</italic>. The effects of FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） on HUVECs were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT）， scratch repair， transwell migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation. Protein in HUVECs was extracted and protein expression levels of phosphorylated Janus kinase 1 （p-JAK1） were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with control group， VEGF （20 μg·L^-1） can increase the proliferation， scratch repair， transwell migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation of HUVECs cells （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， compared with VEGF group， FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） ，there is no significant effect on the proliferation of HUVECs induced by VEGF for 24 hours， but it can significantly reduce the scratch repair， migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation of HUVECs induced by VEGF within 24 hours （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with blank group， VEGF could induce abnormal elevation of p-JAK1 in HUVECs （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） could significantly reduce the expression levels of p-JAK1 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:FJHQT can inhibit the migration， adhesion and invasion of HUVECs， the mechanism may be related to JAK1.

Expert consensus workshop report: Guidelines for thermal ablation of thyroid tumors (2019 edition)

As a treatment option for cancer, thermal ablation has satisfactory effects on many types of solid tumors (such as liver and renal cancers). However, its clinical applications for the treatment of thyroid nodules and metastatic cervical lymph nodes are still under debate both in China and abroad. In 2015, the “Zhejiang Expert consensus on thermal ablation for thyroid benign nodules, microcarcinoma, and metastatic cervical lymph nodes (2015 edition),” was released by the Thyroid Cancer Committee of Zhejiang Anti-Cancer Association, China. To further standardize the application of thermal ablation for thyroid tumors, the Thyroid Tumor Ablation Experts Group of Chinese Medical Doctor Association has organized many seminars and finally produced a consensus to formulate the “Expert consensus workshop report: Guidelines for thermal ablation of thyroid tumors (2019 edition).”

Retrospective Analysis of 73 Hanging and Ligature Strangulation Cases / 法医学杂志

Objective To retrospectively analyze 40 cases of hanging and 33 cases of ligature strangulation in Kunming, to explore the neck injury characteristics and similarities and differences of related asphyxia signs of corpses in hanging and ligature strangulation cases, in order to provide reference for forensic identification. Methods Statistics of hanging and ligature strangulation cases accepted by Kunming Municipal Public Security Bureau from 2000 to 2017 were collected. Data including the gender, age, injury tool, neck injury and related asphyxia signs of the deceased in hanging and ligature strangulation cases were statistically tested by SPSS 23.0. Results There were more males in hanging cases than females. However, there were more females than males in ligature strangulation cases. In hanging cases, suicide was common, while homicide was rare. In ligature strangulation cases, homicide was common, while suicide or accidental death was rare. The average age of the deceased in hanging cases were older than those in ligature strangulation cases. The ligature mark in hanging was usually above the thyroid cartilage. The ligature mark in ligature strangulation was usually at the same level of the thyroid cartilage. The most common vital reactions were exfoliation and subcutaneous hemorrhage at the ligature mark, common among the deceased in hanging cases. Hyoid fracture rate of the deceased in ligature strangulation cases was more common than those in hanging cases. Conclusion The gender, age distribution, position of ligature mark, detection rate of vital reactions at the ligature mark and hyoid fracture rate of the deceased can help distinguish hanging from ligature strangulation.

Application progress of comprehensive imaging methods in diagnosis of liver metastasis / 中国医师杂志

The liver is one of the most easily metastasized target organs of many malignant tumors and the proportion of metastatic tumors is higher than that of intrahepatic primary tumors. The existence of liver metastases is an important factor in the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, the detection and characterization of liver metastases are particularly important. The main imaging methods for hepatic metastases include ultrasound (US), computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) and PET/MRI. In this paper, the advantages and limitations of the above imaging methods in the diagnosis of liver metastasis are analyzed, and the application progress of various imaging methods is emphasized.

Effect of Ermiaosan on M1/M2 Polarization of Bone Marrow Derived-macrophages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Ermiaosan（EMS） on the polarization of M1 by lipopolysaccharide（LPS）+interferon(IFN)-γ and M2 induced by interleukin(IL)-4+IL-13 in rat bone marrow-derived macrophages. Method:Macrophages from rat bone marrow were extracted in vitro, stimulated by macrophage colony stimulating factor(M-CSF), induced to macrophages (marked by F4/80), stimulated by LPS+IFN-γ and induced to polarize to M1，while stimulated by IL-4+IL-13 and induced to polarize to M2. After adding different concentrations of EMS (0.2，0.4，0.8 g·L-1), the phenotypes of M1 and M2 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the effect of EMS on M1(marked by CD68 and iNOS)/M2(marked by CD206 and Arginase) polarization of macrophages from rat bone marrow was detected. Result:Compared with control group, LPS + IFN-γ could increase the polarization of M1 (P<0.01)，while IL-4+IL-13 could increase the polarization of M2 (P<0.01); compared with LPS+IFN-γ/IL-4+IL-13 group, EMS (0.2，0.4，0.8 g·L-1) could inhibit the polarization of M1 induced by LPS+IFN -γ for 24 hours (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on polarization of M2 induced by IL-4+IL-13. Conclusion:EMS can inhibit M1 polarization induced by LPS+IFN - γ, but has no effect on M2 polarization induced by IL-4+IL-13.

Application of Embodied Cognition in Speech Therapy (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Embodied cognition is an important research direction in current psycholinguistics. Perceptual symbols theory, indexical hypothesis, immersed experiencer framework, symbol interdependency hypothesis and mirror neuron system are important research achievements of embodied cognition in the field of language, which may light a way for the further development of speech therapy.

Application of 18S rDNA Clone Library to Detect Diatom Population Diversity in Dianchi / 法医学杂志

Objective To detect the diatom population diversity in Dianchi by constructing a 18S rDNA clone library. Methods DNA from diatoms in 6 water samples of Dianchi was amplified with diatom 18S rDNA specific primer.The 18S rDNA clone library was constructed, and clones were randomly selected for sequence. Sequence alignment was performed by BLAST. The diatom population distribution in Dianchi was analyzed and the phylogenetic tree of diatom 18S rDNA in Dianchi waters was established with the MEGA v7.0.14 software. Results Two hundred and forty clones were sequenced, with 167 diatom sequences obtained, including 11 diatom species such as Stephanodiscus, Diatoma, and Melosira. There were certain differences in diatom population distribution among the 6 samples. Conclusion The population distribution of diatom species in Dianchi shows unique features and the sequence analysis of diatom 18S rDNA has a certain reference value to the inference of forensic drowning sites.

Network Analysis of Y-STR in Six Ethnic Populations in Guangxi and Its Forensic Significances / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the distribution of genetic structure of Y-SNP and Y-STR genetic markers in different ethnic groups and its application in forensic science. Methods SNaPshot minisequencing was used to detect the polymorphisms of 12 Y-SNP loci in 439 males from 6 ethnic groups, including Guangxi Han, Guangxi Jing, Guangxi Miao, Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong. DNATyperTM Y26 kit was used to multiplex-amplify 26 Y-STR loci. The PCR products were analyzed by 3130xl genetic analyzer. The network analysis of Y-STR haplotype under the same Y-SNP haplogroup was analyzed by Network 5.0 software. Results Six haplogroups defined by 12 Y-SNP loci were detected in 6 ethnic groups, and 362 haplotypes were detected in 26 Y-STR loci. The haplotype diversity was 0.996 6. In the C haplogroup, the samples from Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong were clustered on different branches; in the O1 haplogroup, those from Guangxi Zhuang, Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Jing were relatively independent and clustered separately; in the O2 haplogroup, some samples from Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Yao were gathered in a cluster. Conclusion Based on the Y-STR network analysis of samples with identical haplogroup of Y-SNP, some ethnic groups can be preliminarily distinguished, which could be used to infer male suspects' ethnic group through detecting their genetic markers left in the crime scene.

Teratogenic and Mutagenic Toxicity of Agarwood Extracts Produced by Agar-Wit / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To research the teratogenic and mutagenic toxicity of agarwood extracts produced by agar-wit technique for functional food development (slices dose 0.60 g•d-1). METHODS: Pregnant rats of 6 to 15 d were given with agarwood extracts at 45, 105, 150 mg•kg-1 by gastric perfusion directly every day, then killed and anatomized after being pregnant for 20 d. During the whole course of treatment, the activity and body weight of pregnant rats, fetal survival rate, absorption number, malformation type and number of fetus were observed and recorded. RESULTS: The agarwood extracts had no effect on the body weight of pregnant rats at 45, 105, 150 mg•kg-1 dosages, and the numbers of implantation, live fetuses, fetuses and stillbirths of fetus, malformation type and number had no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Agarwood extracts have no teratogenic and mutagenic toxicity for rat fetuses.

Chronic Toxicity of Agarwood Extracts Produced by Agar-Wit on SD Rats / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To assess the chronic toxicity of agarwood extracts produced by agar-wit. METHODS: Agarwood usage in Chinese Pharmacopoeia was referred. SD rats were used as the experimental animal and fed with agarwood extracts at pharmaceutical dosages (1 262.4, 631.2 and 157.8 mg•kg-1) and functional food dosages (150, 105 and 45 mg•kg-1) for 90 d. The weight and food utilization were recorded. The rats were killed on the 90th day, blood and urine were collected for routine blood, serum biochemical indicators and urine index tests, and the bodies were dissected for histological examination. RESULTS: The two groups of rats showed same results. The body weight, food utilization, routine blood, serum biochemical indicators and urine index were not significantly changed compared with the control group (P>0.05). Histological examination showed that the male and female rats both had some lesions, but the group of high dose extracts had no significant difference compared with the control group, also indicating that the lesions had no relationship with agarwood extracts. CONCLUSION: The agarwood extracts produced by agar-wit have no chronic toxicity for mammal in regards of body weight, biochemical indicators and pathology at both pharmaceutical dosages and functional food dosages.